参考文献/References:
[1] Townsend DW.Combined positron emission tomography-computed tomography:the historicalperspective.Semin Ultrasound CT MR,2008,29(4):232-235.
[2] Boss A,Bisdas S,Kolb A,et al.Hybrid PET/MRI of intracranial masses:initial experiences and comparison to PET/CT.J Nucl Med,2010,51(8):1198-1205.
[3] Moghimi SM,Hunter AC,Murray JC.Nanomedicine:current status and future prospects.FASEB J,2005,19(3):311-330.
[4] Bentolila LA,Ebenstein Y,Weiss S.Quantum dots for in vivo small-animal imaging.J Nucl Med,2009,50(4):493-496.
[5] Lovric J,Cho SJ,Winnik FM,et al.Unmodified cadmium telluride quantum dots induce reactive oxygen speciesformation leading to multiple organdie damage and cell death.Chem Biol,2005,12(11):1227-1234.
[6] Ryman-Rasmussen JP,Riviere JE,Monteiro-Riviere NA.Surface coatings determine cytotoxicity and irritation potential of quantum dotnanoparticles in epidermal keratinocytes.J Invest Dermatol,2007,127(1):143-153.
[7] Bakalova R,Zhelev Z,Aoki I,et al.Multimodal silica-shelled quantum dots:direct intracellular delivery,photosensitization,toxic,and miemcireulation effects.Bioconjug Chem,2008,19(6):1135-1142.
[8] Grayson SM,Frechet JM.Convergent dendrons and dendrimers:from synthesis to applications.Chem Rev,2001,101(12):3819-3868.
[9] Yan H,Wang J,Yi P,et al.Imaging brain tumor by dendrimer-based optical/paramagnetic nanoprobe across the blood-brain bar-tier.Chem Commun(Camb),2011,47(28):8130-8132.
[10] Jain K,Kesharwani P,Gupta U,et al.Dendrimer toxicity:Let’s meet the challenge.Int J Pharm,2010,394(1-2):122-142.
[11] Liao H,Paratala B,Sitharaman B,et al.Applications of carbon nanotubes in biomedical studies.Methods Mol Biol,2011,726:223-241.
[12] Sitharaman B,Kissell KR,Hartman KB,et al.Superparamagnetic gadonanotubes are high-performance MRI contrast agents.Chem Commun(Camb),2005,3l:3915-3917.
[13] Wu H,Liu G,Zhuang Y,et al.The behavior after intravenous injee-tion in mice of multiwalled carbon nanotube/Fe304 hybrid MRI contrast agents.Biomaterials,2011,32(21):4867-4876.
[14] Laeerda L,Bianco A,Prato M,et al.Carbon nanotubes as nanomedieines:from toxicology to pharmacology.Adv Drug Deliv Rev,2006,58(14):1460-1470.
[15] Foldvari M,Bagonluri M.Carbon nanotubes as functional excipi-ents for nanomedicines:Ⅱ. Drug deliveryand biocompatibility issues.Nanomedicine,2008,4(3):183-200.
[16] Johnston HJ,Hutchison GR,Christensen FM,et al.A critical review of the biological mechanisms underlying the in vivo and invitro tox-icity of carbon nanotubes:The contribution of physico-chemi-calcharaeteristics.Nanotoxieology,2010,4(2):207-246.
[17] Barras A,Szunerits S,Marcon L et al.Functionalization of diamond nanoparticles using "click" chemistry.Langmuir,2010,26(16):13168-13172.
[18] Mohan N,Chen CS,Hsieh HH,et al.In vivo imaging and toxicity assessments of fluorescent nanodiamonds in Caenorhabditis ele-gans.Nano Lett,2010,10(9):3692-3699.
[19] Schrand AM,Huang H,Carlson C,et al.Are diamond nanoparticles cytotoxic?.J Phys Chem B,2007,111(1):2-7.
[20] Chow EK,Zhang XQ,Chen M,et al.Nanodiamond therapeutic de-livery agents mediate enhanced chemoresistant tumortreatment.Sci Transl Med,2011,3(73):73ra21.
[21] Fu CC,Lee HY,Chen K,et al.Characterization and application of single fluorescent nanodiamonds as cellularbiomarkers.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2007,104(3):727-732.
[22] Chang IP,Hwang KC,Chiang CS.Preparation of fluorescent magnetic nanodiamonds and cellular imaging.J Am Chem Soc,2008,130(46):15476-15481.
[23] Steinert S,Dolde F,Neumann P,et al.High sensitivity magnetic imaging using all array of spins in diamond.Rev Sci Instrum,2010,81(4):043705.
[24] Sehoenfeld RS,Harneit W.Real time magnetic field sensing and imaging using a single spin in diamond.Phys Rev Lett,2011,106(3):030802.
[25] Niemeyer CM,Ceyhan B,Noyong M,et al.Bifunetional DNA-gold nanoparticle conjugates as building blocks for theself-assembly of cress-linked particle layers.Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2003,31l(4):995-999.
[26] Tan W,Wang K,He X,et al.Bionanotechnology based on silica nanoparticles.Med Res Rev,2004,24(5):621-638.
[27] Guerrero.Martinez A,Perez-Juste J,Liz-Marzan LM.Recent-progress on silica coating of nanoparticles and related nanomateri-als.Adv Mater,2010,22(11):1182-1195.
[28] Lou MY,Jia QL,Wang DP,et al.The preparation and properties of monodisperse core-shell silica magneticmicrospheres.J Mater Sci Mater Med,2008,19(1):217-223.
[29] Liu T,Li D,Zou Y,et al.Preparation of metal@silica core-shell particle films by interfacialself-assembly.J Colloid Interface Sci,2010,350(1):58-62.
[30] Chen YS,Frey W,Kim S,et al.Enhanced thermal stability of sili-ca-coated gold nanoreds for photoacousticimaging and image-gnid-ed therapy.Opt Express,2010,18(9):8867-8878.
[31] Chen YS,Frey W,Kim S,et al.Silica-coated gold nanoreds as photoacoustic signal nanoamplifiers.Nano Lett,2011,11(2):348-354.
[32] Rabolli V,Thomassen LC,Princen C,et al.Influence of size,surface area and microporesity on the in vitro cytotoxicactivity of anlorphous silica nanoparticles in different cell types.Nanotoxicology,2010,4(3):307-318.
[33] Rabolli V,Thomassen LC,Uwambayinema F,et al.The eytotoxic activity of amorphous silica nanoparticles is mainly influenced by surface area and not by aggregation.Toxicol Lett,2011,206(2):197-203.
[34] Thomassen LC,Aerts A,Rabolli V,et al.Synthesis and characteri-zation of stable monodisperse silica nanoparticle solsfor in vitro cy-totoxicity testing.Langmuir,2010,26(1):328-335.
[35] Hirsch LR,Gobin AM,Lowery AR,et al.Metal nanoshells.Ann Biomed Eng,2006,34(1):15-22.
[36] Jiang L,Qian J,Cai F,et al.Raman reporter-coated gold nanoreds and their applications in muhimodal optical imaging of cancer cells.Anal Bioanal Chem,2011,400(9):2793-2800.
[37] Jain PK,Huang X,El-Sayed IH,et al.Noble metals on the nanoscale:optical and photothermal properties and someapplications in imaging,sensing,biology,and medicine.Acc Chem Res,2008,41(12):1578-1586.
[38] Lee KS,El-Sayed MA.Gold and silver nanoparticles in sensing and imaging:sensitivity of plasmonresponse to size,shape,and metal 329 composition.J Phys Chem B,2006,110(39):19220-19225.
[39] Prevo BG,Esakoff SA,Mikhailovsky A,et al.Scalable routes to gold nanoshells with tunable sizes and response tonear-infrared pulsed-laser irradiation.Small,2008,4(8):1183-1195.
[40] Khlebtsov N,Dykman L.Biodistribution and toxicity of engineered gold nanoparticles:a review of invitro and in vivo studies.Chem Soc Rev,2011,40(3):1647-1671.
[41] Mulder WJ,Strijkers GJ,van Tilborg GA,et al.Lipid-based nanoparticles for contrast-enhanced MRI and molecular imaging.NMR Biomed,2006,19(1):142-164.
[42] Al-Jamal WT,Kostarelos K.Liposomes:from a clinically estab-lished drug delivery system to a nanoparticleplatform for theranostic nanomedicine.Acc Chem Res,2011,44(10):1094-1104.
[43] Ferrara KW,Borden MA,Zhang H.Lipid-shelled vehicles:engi-neering for ultrasound molecular imaging and drugdelivery.Acc Chem Res,2009,42(7):881-892.
[44] van Schooneveld MM,Vucic E,Koole R,et al.Improved biocom-patibility and pharmacokinetics of silica nanoparticles by meansof a lipid coating:a muhimodality investigation.Nano Lett,2008,8(8):2517-2525.
[45] van Schooneveld MM,Cormode DP,Koole R,et al.A fluorescent,paramagnetic and PEGylated gold/silica nanoparticle for MR/,CT and fluorescence imaging.Contrast Media Mol Imaging,2010,5(4):231-236.
[46] Talelli M,Iman M,Varkouhi AK,et al.Core-crosslinked polymeric micelles with controlled release of covalentlyentrapped doxorubicin.Biomaterials,2010,31(30):7797-7804.
[47] Vukomanovic M,Zavasnik-Bergant T,Bracko I,et al.Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolidel)/hydro-xyapatite core-shell nanospheres.Part 3:properties of hydrexyapatite nano-rods and investigation of a dis-tribution of thedrug within the composite.Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces,2011,87(2):226-235.
[48] Talelli M,Rijcken CJ,Oliveira S,et al.Reprint of "Nanobody-shell functionalized thermosensitive core-crosslinkedpolymefic micelles for active drug targeting".J Control Release,2011,153(1):93-102.
[49] Shiraishi K,Kawano K,Minowa T,et al.Preparation and in vivo imaging of PEG-poly(L-lysine)-based polymeric micelle MRI cont-rast agents.J Control Release,2009,136(1):14-20.